CVE-2025-48768: Apache NuttX RTOS: fs/inode: fs_inoderemove root inode removal

[Tomasz Cedro <cederom () apache org>]

Severity: low 

Affected versions:

- Apache NuttX RTOS 10.0.0 before 12.10.0

Description:

Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference vulnerability was discovered in fs/inode/fs_inoderemove code of the Apache 
NuttX RTOS that allowed root filesystem inode removal leading to a debug assert trigger (that is disabled by default), 
NULL pointer dereference (handled differently depending on the target architecture), or in general, a Denial of Service.

This issue affects Apache NuttX RTOS: from 10.0.0 before 12.10.0.

Users of filesystem based services with write access that were exposed over the network (i.e. FTP) are affected and 
recommended to upgrade to version 12.10.0 that fixes the issue.

Credit:

Liu, Richard Jiayang <rjliu3 () illinois edu> (finder)
Liu, Richard Jiayang <rjliu3 () illinois edu> (remediation developer)
Alan Carvalho de Assis <acassis () apache org> (remediation reviewer)
Tomek CEDRO <cederom () apache org> (coordinator)
Xiang Xiao <xiaoxiang () apache org> (remediation reviewer)
Jiuzhu Dong <jiuzhudong () apache org> (remediation reviewer)

References:

https://github.com/apache/nuttx/pull/16437
https://nuttx.apache.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48768